Though such systems can help medical research and healthcare in many ways, the amount of data they use and their complexity may mean that how they make decisions cannot be explicitly understood by patients or health professionals. This raises a number of legal and ethical issues.
To further understanding of the black box medicine problem, the PHG Foundation was awarded seed funding from the Wellcome Trust to examine interpretability in the context of healthcare and relevant regulation.
The Foundation has now published a set of reports for legal, regulatory and health policy audiences and created a dedicated Interpretability by design framework for developers of machine learning models for healthcare.
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