The EY ITEM Club’s Autumn Forecast expects UK GDP to grow by 1.3% in 2018 (downgraded from 1.4% and 1.6% in the EY ITEM Club’s Summer and Spring Forecasts respectively), and 1.5% in 2019 (downgraded from 1.6% and 1.7% in the EY ITEM Club’s Summer and Spring Forecasts respectively).
The EY ITEM Club expects that GDP growth improved to 0.6% quarter-on-quarter (q/q) in Q3 2018 from 0.4% q/q in Q2 2018, helped by a very strong performance in July which benefited from the football World Cup and the heatwave. This would make Q3 2018 the best quarter for growth since Q4 2016. However, the EY ITEM Club predicts growth will fall back to 0.3% q/q in Q4 2018 and through the first half of 2019.
Howard Archer, chief economic advisor to the EY ITEM Club comments: “Our forecast is based on the assumption that the UK and EU will ultimately agree a Brexit transition arrangement that will help limit the shock to businesses and the economy. However, heightened uncertainties in the run-up to and the aftermath of the UK’s exit could fuel business and consumer caution. This is a significant factor leading us to trim our GDP forecasts for 2018 and 2019.
“Should the UK leave the EU in March 2019 without any deal, the near-term growth outlook could be significantly weaker. Trade could be substantially affected as barriers, both tariff and non-tariff, kick in. A likely sharp drop in the pound could provide help to UK exporters, but it would also push up businesses’ costs. Consumer price inflation would also likely increase thereby weighing down on households’ purchasing power.
“However, it is also possible that the growth pattern could be distorted in late-2018 and 2019 if concerns about supply disruptions in the event of ‘no-deal’ cause companies to stockpile materials and finished products. This could be reinforced if consumers panic buy. This scenario would be liable to boost growth in late-2018 and early-2019 but weigh down on growth thereafter.”
Mixed picture for consumer purchasing power
The EY ITEM Club expects consumer purchasing power to improve at a slow rate in late-2018 and during 2019. The EY ITEM Club forecasts consumer price inflation to fall to 2.3% by end-2018 and to 2.0% by mid-2019. Meanwhile, earnings growth should gradually improve as increased recruitment difficulties in several sectors fuel higher pay increases. The EY ITEM Club forecasts average earnings growth to reach 2.7% in 2018 and then 3.0% in 2019, trimmed from 2.9% and 3.1% respectively in the ITEM Club Summer Forecast. The downgrading in expected earnings growth is reflected in the EY ITEM Club forecasting consumer spending to slow to a six-year low of 1.5% in 2018 and then edge down further to 1.4% in 2019. The consumer spending performance in 2018 has been lifted to some extent by robust spending over the third quarter, helped by the heatwave.
Consumer spending growth is also likely to be limited with the savings ratio reaching an overall annual record low of 4.2% in 2017 and then falling to 3.6% in Q1 2018, thereby causing consumers to be keen to avoid further dissaving.
August’s interest rate hike by the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) may also reinforce consumer caution. The EY ITEM Club does not expect any more interest rate rises from the MPC until after the UK leaves the EU in March 2019, with one hike forecast for that year (in August) and two in 2020. The EY ITEM Club suspects that the Bank of England will want to see sustained evidence that the UK economy is holding up relatively well after Brexit occurs in late-March before hiking interest rates.
Increased Brexit uncertainties influencing business investment
Business caution over committing to major investment expenditure over the next few months could be partly offset by firms seeking to ‘re-shore’ supply chains from the EU to the UK to avoid potential disruption from any new trade barriers between the two parties, the EY ITEM Club forecast says.
In addition, the boost to exporters’ profitability from the cheap pound appears to have spurred some capital spending, particularly amongst relatively export-orientated manufacturers. Manufacturing investment rose 9.9% y/y in Q4 2017, a 10-quarter high, albeit then slipping to 7.8% in Q1 2018 and then dipping to 1.6% in Q2 2018. Overall, business investment is expected to be modestly positive over the rest of 2018, helped by some companies looking to increasingly invest in automation to make up for labour shortages and to try to boost productivity.
Nick Gomer, Managing Partner at EY in the East (pictured), comments: “The UK economy is going to experience a period of low economic growth for at least the next three years, and businesses in the East need to recognise this and adjust accordingly. They should also consider a sharp downside to the economy in the event of a ‘no-deal’ Brexit and make preparations for such a scenario. Testing the robustness of their businesses, especially cash flow, against a short period of severe disruption followed by a downturn for three or four quarters would be a prudent approach to risk management. Even if the Brexit process goes smoothly, the cyclical risks to the UK economy mean this would still be a worthwhile exercise. Now is the time to start to think about the future shape of any UK business after 2020.”
About EY ITEM Club
The ITEM Clubis the only non-governmental economic forecasting group to use the HM Treasury’s model of the UK economy. Its forecasts are independent of any political, economic or business bias and this independence is underpinned by the untied sponsorship of Ernst & Young LLP.
ITEM stands for Independent Treasury Economic Model. HM Treasury uses the UK Treasury model for its UK policy analysis and Industry Act forecasts for the Budget. ITEM’s use of the model enables it to explore the implications and unpublished assumptions behind Government forecasts and policy measures. Uniquely, ITEM can test whether Government claims are consistent and can assess which forecasts are credible and which are not.
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