Abstract
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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine recovery and accuracy of salivary biomarker measurement using two commercially available collection materials
Background:
For years researchers have struggled with finding a user friendly, reliable device for collecting saliva. Cotton has been available, but carries many concerns including stability, interference, and collection volume (Granger, 2007). Shortcomings include release of interfering substances, as in the case of hormone measurement, or its ability to retain the marker of interest, as in the case of Secretory IgA (SIgA) measurement (Shirtcliff, 2001). In addition, hormone values may change in relation to volume collected (Harmon, 2007).
Method:
In this study, whole saliva cortisol and SIgA enzyme immunoassay values obtained by passive drool were compared to values obtained through cotton or the polymerbased Salimetrics™ Oral Swab (SOS). Ten samples of each type were run in duplicate and coefficients of variation were less than 15%. In a second study, six pools of saliva were each split into three parts. Four differing volumes of each saliva pool, ranging from 2 to 0.25 mL, were pipetted into cotton and the SOS. All saliva samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay for cortisol and compared to the unaltered pool (not passed through collection device). Further testing was done on the SOS to determine recovery compared to passive drool in amylase, cotinine, testosterone, estradiol, DHEA, and progesterone (n= 20). All samples were assayed in duplicate with coefficients of variation less than 15%.
Results:
Recovery of cortisol through cotton was 85%, while the SOS recovery was 102%. Recovery of SIgA through cotton was 57% and through SOS, 99%. Average cortisol recovery through cotton and SOS respectively at 2 mL, 1 mL, 0.5 mL, and 0.25 mL volumes were 83%, 77%, 64% and 7% and 98%, 98%, 99%, and 98%. The average volume of saliva recovered from cotton and SOS respectively for these volumes were 77%, 69%, 41%, and 11% and 97%, 94%, 89%, and 83 %. The SOS, when tested against whole saliva for -amylase, cotinine, and testosterone, demonstrated recoveries ranging from 93 to 100%, estradiol recovery was 117%, while DHEA and progesterone recoveries were less than 87%. Conclusions: The Salimetrics Oral Swab significantly improves volume recovery and measurement accuracy over variable salivary volumes as compared to cotton. The SOS had good recovery for three hormones, a salivary enzyme, a salivary antibody and a metabolite of nicotine.
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