Noroviruses (NoVs) called "Norwalk-like viruses" are a group of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses and members of the family Caliciviridae. Noroviruses are transmitted from human-to-human (fecal-oral) and via food sources. They are one of the most highly infectious viruses known. In the community, NoVs most commonly cause a self-limiting mild disease of short duration with gastrointestinal symptoms, usually resolving after one to three days. However, in infants, elderly and immunocompromised persons, dehydration can occur requiring medical attention and/or hospital admission for the administration of IV fluids.
Globally, norovirus is associated with approximately one-fifth of all diarrhea cases, with similar prevalence in both children and adults. Generally, a norovirus infection is not as severe as rotavirus, but it is now the 2nd most common cause of death in children <5 yrs and the most common cause of diarrheal death in children >5 yrs with similar patterns across WHO regions. In developing countries, some estimates suggest that norovirus causes over 200,000 deaths annually (all ages) and around 700 million illnesses (WHO FERG). NoV outbreaks are also a well-known issue in confined environments such as long-term care facilities, hospitals, military installations and commercial cruise ship liners. In these cases, the virus can cause severe disruption and economic loss.
Because of the success of the rotavirus vaccine reducing disease burden, it is hoped a new norovirus vaccine can have a similar impact, now that the virus has taken a more prominent role. Two main programs operated by Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Vaxart are currently in clinical stages of testing with the latter being an oral formulation. A norovirus vaccine could be an attractive commercial proposition because it could target many age segments, unlike its rotavirus counterpart, which still sold ~$1.3bn globally in 2017 (WHO figures). However, much will depend on the ability of a norovirus vaccine to reduce viral shedding/transmission and the duration of protective immunity could greatly affect vaccine price and potential uptake.
This MarketVIEW product is a comprehensive Executive presentation (.pdf) + MS Excel-based model(s), which forecasts the potential commercial value of Norovirus vaccines across 113 major Western and emerging markets and GAVI to 2035* . The model contains value ($ m) and volume (mio doses) predictions along with launch timeframe, TPP, pricing and penetration estimates for all major market segments. There is a thorough review of global epidemiology, economic burden, competitive vaccine landscape. Model scenarios explore vaccine duration of immunity and various subsegments. This product is ideally suited to those organisations wanting an extended global forecast for this important opportunity.
VacZine Analytics is an established strategic research agency based in the United Kingdom. Our aim is to provide disease and commercial analysis for the vaccine industry and help build the case for developing new vaccines and biologics.
For more information, please visit the website www.vacZine-analytics.com or contact info@vaczine-analytics.com
VacZine Analytics (R) is a trading division of Assay Advantage Ltd, UK Company No. 5807728
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Photo Credit: Tobias Tullius (@tobiastu)
*some countries are rolled up